Karoo shale gas baseline research program gets on the way at nmmu 20140219 this project recognises the need for independent robust scientificbased advice to objectively evaluate costbenefit equations, in light of potential bias andor sectional interests related to. Hydraulic fracturing has been used in cave mining for preconditioning the orebody following its successful application in the oil and gas industries. Fracking, a shorthand term for hydraulic fracturing, is the latest. Acrobat pdf, 2 mb pacific institute hydraulic fracturing and water resources. It was pioneered during the mid 1900s where it was used in vertical oil and.
South africa is a beautiful country, the karoo is a precious part of the country, and the inhabitants of the karoo want this area to remain as it is, unspoiled by fracking. Since the karoo is a semidesert and often experiences drought, current water scarcity raises the question of whether fracking will cause further water shortages in the area. Look up hydraulic fracturing in wiktionary, the free dictionary. A free carry interest is the portion of production that goes to the state as a form of tax. Jul 24, 20 map showing fracking applicants in the karoo basin. During fracking millions of litres of water, sand and numerous chemicals most of which are. There are concerns about the negative environmental and social impact of fracking in the karoo. Fracking goahead in karoo basin possible within months. Sep 04, 20 one concern about fracking in the karoo is that the process needs a lot of water for the drilling and fracturing. However, this technique is more and more applied for the exploration of other underground excavations and construction. Dec 07, 2016 imel is happy to announce the publication of a new book titled hydraulic fracturing in the karoo.
Fracking and the democratic deficit in south africa pdf, 666kb. By clicking add to cart, i confirm that i am an education provider. The karoo is the geographic area that is the focus of future hydraulic fracturing in south africa, derived from a word in the local language meaning dry. Separating the frack from the fiction, by heather cooley and kristina donnelly. Hydraulic fracturing download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. Archived from the original pdf on 27 september 2011. Hydraulic fracking in the karoo, south africa ejatlas. Health risk perception related i to fracking in the karoo. Unfortunately for shale gas exploration companies like shell, a scientific study indicates that the karoo shale deposits are overmature cooked to the point where most gas has disappeared.
Hydraulic fracturing in the karoo is said to be a game changer of energy sector in south africa, but it is said to pose potential groundwater contamination. Why fracking in the karoo will never happen africa. Vermeulen institute for groundwater studies, university of the free state, bloemfontein, 9301, south africa abstract during the period 1965 to 1975, soekor explored for oil and gas in the karoo, a pristine semidesert area in south africa. With an active marketplace of over 175 million items, use the alibris advanced search page to find any item you are looking for through the advanced search, you can find items by searching specific terms such as title, artist, song title, genre, etc or you can narrow your focus using our amazing set of criteria parameters. Hydraulic fracturing is a well stimulation technique in which rock is fractured by a pressurized. Exploring potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing.
You must be an education provider to purchase this book. Following the publication of the finalized hydraulic fracturing regulations described. Hydraulic fracturing tests systel instrumentation services. A fracking boost for the south african economy inspiring gas exploration across the globe the production of commercial and shale gas has been regarded as a major breakthrough in the oil and gas industry in the last decade, with hydraulic fracturing i. We need to stop fracking for the sake of our environment, our future, our livelihoods, our health, our quality of life and our childrens heritage. Map showing fracking applicants in the karoo basin. Hydraulic fracturing, commonly referred to as fracking, is a method used to extract natural gas from shale gas deposits.
Available for download immediately via vitalsource ebook app download for full offline perpetual access and one year online access. Karoo basin, south africa eiaari shale gasoil assessment. New book on hydraulic fracturing in the karoo institute of. Hydrochemical and hydrogeological impact of hydraulic. Apr 04, 2016 the process of hydraulic fracturing provides many benefits to our country, however, the negative effects this industry has on the area of the karoo far outweigh the pros of fracking. South africa has lifted a ban on the hydraulic fracturing, a controversial method for tapping natural gas reserves commonly known as fracking, according to.
Fracking, or hydraulic fracturing, involves digging wells up to 4km deep, then pumping in large amounts of water mixed with chemicals under high. A christian contribution to the world communities of faith. Please fight for the karoo, a incredible and rich area, and also so important economically. The government may award its first shale gas exploration licences by the end of september, after environmental objections delayed the process, a senior government official said on monday. Hydraulic fracturing has become a prevalent public and regulatory issue in most countries developing shale gas. Governments decision to allow the exploration for shale gas in the karoo to go ahead, was highly criticized by environmentalist as well as farmers in the great karoo.
Introduction to mangrove, a hydraulic fracturing simulator. Procedures are provided on how to implement prescribed hydraulic fracturing by which effective preconditioning can be realized in. Hydraulic fracturing hydraulic fracturing has been used safely for 60 years on 1. Acrobat pdf, 6 mb association of american state geologists statement on hydraulic fracturing. Apr 12, 2017 fracking to give karoo uncertain future.
South africas semidesert karoo region is believed to hold at least 485 trillion cubic feet of shale gas, but drilling has been delayed by. Introduction by developing a robust legal framework and requiring operational best practices, shale gas extraction through hydraulic fracturing, or simply fracking, can be safe and highly rewarding. Oct 02, 2012 south africa has lifted a ban on the hydraulic fracturing, a controversial method for tapping natural gas reserves commonly known as fracking, according to. The possibility of exploiting vast shale gas deposits in the karoo basin in south africa by using a mining technique known as hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, became a reality during 2008. The process of fracking creates countless negative effects on the surrounding environment and communities. The karoo is one of the last untouched places in south africa. Critical legal and environmental perspectives which is edited by jan glazewski and surina esterhuyse eds. Critical legal and environmental perspectives find, read and cite all the research you need. This is a copy of the hydraulic fracturing report, april 16, 2011 released by the house committee on energy and commerce, which can be downloaded for free online. Introduction fracking, shorthand for hydraulic fracturing, is occurring more and more around the world and south africans dont need to look very far to see that this process can be found in our countrys very own backyard, the karoo. Fracking in the karoo 18 september 2012 sipho mfundisi shale gas extraction brings significant risk of ground and surface water contamination. Fracking, or hydraulic fracturing, involves digging wells up to 4km deep, then pumping in large amounts of.
A south african perspective on shale gas hydraulic fracturing. Hydraulic fracturing can only be a shortterm business that puts the lives of many in danger and puts food security, drinking water and thousands of jobs at risk. Hydrochemical and hydrogeological impact of hydraulic fracturing in the karoo, south africa, effective and sustainable hydraulic fracturing, andrew p. Hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling are safely. For many years, a main application was determination of the minimum horizontal stress for hydro power pressure tunnels. The vast shale gas reserves found in the karoo desert of. Fracking can be a confusing term since the term actually implies two very different processes. The free gas and oil have long since leaked naturally out of. Health risk perception related to fracking in the karoo, south africa mieke willems, mohamed aqiel dalvie, leslie london, hannaandrea rother shale gas exploration involving hydraulic fracturing fracking has been on south africas energy agenda since 2010 as a potential alternative to coal. Karoo shale gas baseline research program gets on the way at nmmu 20140219 this project recognises the need for independent robust scientificbased advice to objectively evaluate costbenefit equations, in light of potential bias andor sectional interests related to potential shale gas exploitation in the karoo. South africa has a problem of subterranean water already and it is common knowledge that shale gas extraction requires very significant amounts of water. Unless you have a specific reason for a kindle version of this pdf, download a free copy elsewhere and save your money.
Karoo shale gas baseline research program gets on the way. Review of hydraulic fracturing for preconditioning in cave. Pdf introduction to mangrove, a hydraulic fracturing simulator. Click download or read online button to get hydraulic fracturing book now. Pdf hydraulic fracturing or fracking is an extraction technique that is used to extract gas from rocks of low permeability. Hydraulic fracturing in south africa is an energy production strategy in early stages of. Towards defining a baseline status of scarce groundwater resources.
In this paper, the state of the art of hydraulic fracturing as a preconditioning method in cave mining is presented. Shale gas fracking in the karoo northern cape provincial. In the usa alone, hydraulic fracturing is used in around 35,000 wells a year. The book explores a broadranging set of questions related to proposed hydraulic fracturing or fracking in the karoo. Bunger, john mclennan and rob jeffrey, intechopen, doi. Hydrochemical and hydrogeological impact of hydraulic fracturing. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Martin heiganflickr december 19, 2017 fracking and. Pdf introduction to mangrove, a hydraulic fracturing.
Exploring potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing fracking. This widelyused technique involves the injection of water, sand and other fluids at very high pressure into the rock formation, creating tiny fissures as thin as. The issues around hydraulic fracturing in the karoo may be local, but, in environmental terms, the entire earth is our locale. Farmers in the karoo are increasingly worried about a massive search for shale gas on their land and if developments in the usa, a global leader in the exploitation of this form of natural gas, are anything to go by we are in for an environmental mess that will affect more than just a few backofbeyond sheep farmers. A fracking boost for the south african economy corporate. Imel is happy to announce the publication of a new book titled hydraulic fracturing in the karoo. Shale gas exploration by means of hydraulic fracturing fracking has been on the south african sa energy agenda since 2010 as a potential alternative. Aug 30, 2016 hydraulic fracturing has been used in cave mining for preconditioning the orebody following its successful application in the oil and gas industries. Sep 18, 2012 governments decision to allow the exploration for shale gas in the karoo to go ahead, was highly criticized by environmentalist as well as farmers in the great karoo. Apr 20, 2011 supporting the karoo fracking is just plain wrong. Chapter 10 hydrochemical and hydrogeological impact of hydraulic fracturing in the karoo, south africa g. The main concerns regarding the possible impacts of hydraulic fracturing on the environment main concerns indicated in red. Johannesburg the government said on tuesday that exploration for shale gas will begin in the next 12 months, ending years of speculation over the project. Environmental compliance and enforcement in south africa.
We oppose the introduction and licensing of fracking in south africa in the absence of conclusive proof that fracking is the only and the best answer to our energy and employment needs in sa. Health risk perception of karoo residents related to fracking, south. The study examines the potential economic impact of the successful development of the shale gas resource found in the karoo basin in south africa. View fracking in the karoo research papers on academia. Various oil and gas companies such as shell, bundu, falcon, anglo have applied for licenses to explore for shale gas in the greater karoo basin spanning from the western cape to kzn, with the intention of producing natural gas using the controversial method of horizontal hydraulic fracturing. Previously a lake 275 million years ago, shale gas began to form in the lowoxygen karoo as organic mud accumulated. Natural gas is advantageous because it is much less water intensive than most electrical power technologies see figure 1. New book on hydraulic fracturing in the karoo institute. Pdf the great shale debate in the karoo researchgate. Large parts of south africas beautiful, but waterpoor and ecologically sensitive karoo region are under threat of being devastated by mining operations to extract natural gas using a controversial technique called hydraulic fracturing or fracking. Brief history of the technology fracking, shortened for hydraulic fracturing, is a well stimulation technique that is used to enhance oil and gas recovery rates. Film makers johann vorster and theart korsten from happy handgrenade productions recently returned from the karoo, filming a documentary exploring the threats of hydraulic fracturing and the concerns of the local residents. Hydraulic fracturing tests hydraulic fracturing is a technique for measuring in situ stresses in boreholes. Estimates on how much gas is in the karoo vary, with the energy information administration eia estimating reserves of 390 trillion cubic.